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Given the increasing reliance on UAS in sensitive applications, ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of their data streams is paramount. Traditional encryption methods often fail to balance performance and security under real-time constraints. This paper addresses this gap by proposing a hybrid adaptive encryption framework that integrates rule-based (RL) logic and machine learning (ML) to dynamically adjust encryption protocols based on data sensitivity, bandwidth, and CPU load. The experimental results demonstrate improved responsiveness and security under varied conditions using real-time simulations. The effectiveness of the system is benchmarked through execution time analysis, classification accuracy, and adaptive decision precision, highlighting its potential for secure and efficient UAS communications. 

Over the past decade, the educational landscape has experienced a surge of online learning and instruc-tional platforms (Liu et al., 2020). This remarkable surge can be attributed to a confluence of factors, including the rising demand for higher education opportunities, the shortage of available teaching staff, and the rapid advancements in information technology and artificial intelligence capabilities. Artificial Intelligence (AI) remained a niche area of research with limited practical applications in education for over half a century (Bhutoria, 2022; Chen et al., 2020; Roll & Wylie, 2016) from 1950 to 2010. Howev-er, in recent years, the advent of Big Data and advancements in computing power have propelled AI into the educational mainstream (Alam, 2021; Chen et al., 2020; Hwang et al., 2020). Today, the rise of machine learning, deep learning, automation, together with advances in big data analysis has sparked novel perspectives and explorations around the potential of enhancing personalized learning, a long-term educational vision of technology-enhanced course options to meet student needs (Grant & Basye, 2014). Fostering personalized learning necessitates the development of digital learning environments that dynamically adapt to individual learners' knowledge, prior experiences, and interests, while effectively and efficiently guiding them towards achieving desired learning outcomes (Spector, 2014, 2016). AI-powered technologies have made it possible to analyze data generated by learners and provide instruc-tion that matches their learning performance. Through learning analytics and data mining techniques, large datasets collected are analyzed and processed to uncover learners' unique learning characteristics, often referred to as learner profiling (Tzouveli et al., 2008). Subsequently, leveraging artificial intelli-gence algorithms, the learning content is tailored, and personalized learning paths are designed to align with each learner's identified needs and preferences, thereby facilitating personalized learning experienc-es.